Simge's Journal of Research Methods in Science and Mathematics Education- SCED 404

 There are many ways to conduct research. Each of these ways is used in various professional fields, including psychology, sociology, social work, medicine, nursing, education, and so on. However, the field of education often uses action research, an interactive method of collecting information that's used to explore topics of teaching, curriculum development, and student behavior in the classroom. Action research is very popular in the field of education because there is always room for improvement when it comes to teaching and educating others. Sure, there are all types of methods of teaching in the classroom, but action research works very well because the cycle offers an opportunity for continued reflection. In all professional fields, the goal of action research is to improve processes. Action research is also beneficial in areas of teaching practice that need to be explored or settings in which continuous improvement is the focus. Let's take a closer look at the cycle of ...

 What is the reliability? Reliability refers to how consistently a method measures something. If the same result can be consistently achieved by using the same methods under the same circumstances, the measurement is considered reliable. - You measure the temperature of a liquid sample several times under identical conditions. The thermometer displays the same temperature every time, so the results are reliable. - A doctor uses a symptom questionnaire to diagnose a patient with a long-term medical condition. Several different doctors use the same questionnaire with the same patient but give different diagnoses. This indicates that the questionnaire has low reliability as a measure of the condition. What is validity? Validity refers to how accurately a method measures what it is intended to measure. If research has high validity, that means it produces results that correspond to real properties, characteristics, and variations in the physical or social world. High reliability is...

 The instrument can be defined as to be able to collect data for research. All instruments should be vital.  Measurement is a process of scoring participants after collecting data we should use measurement. Before measuring we should use instruments.  There are 3 techniques for data collection which are  - Paper & Pencil - Observation - Interviews QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTION METHODS  - Using rate scale: It is the score of someone on a task. It includes multiple-choice questions. - Norm reference scale: There is a comparison between variables such as participants, questions with other variables. Also, there are predeterminate decisions by looking at time, environment, etc.  - Criteria reference scale: There is no comparison between variables. There is a comparison with the external standards. - Self-reference scale: It measures how participants respond to the change. TYPES OF MEASURING INSTRUMENTS • Cognitive Test: It mea...

 The cumulation of these data of any phenomenon and process that we collect is called data. Every observation gives us a data.  - Nominal Data: (Categorical = Qualitative) It represents more than 2 strict levels or types.  Variables can be age, gender, employment status, married status, colors, etc.  We can represent variables by using words, texts and numerical code without any order.  We can use frequency to show each variable’s percentage however there should not be any mean or average.  Nominal data are represented by using pie chart or bar-column chart. - Ordinal Data: It represents rank, satisfaction and fanciness and while representing them the differences between ranks, satisfactions or fanciness may not equal. So, there is a hierarchy between variables.  For instance, in a footrace the distance between 1st and 2nd runners and 2nd and 3rd runners may not be equal.  We can use frequency to show each variable’s percentage however there s...